1. Stadiums & Convention Centers
- Large stadiums:
ETFE membrane is widely used in roofing systems for large sports venues due to its high light transmittance and lightweight properties. Examples include the Eden Project (UK), Kazakhstan Entertainment Center, and France's Le Havre Football Stadium, all utilizing ETFE membranes to create comfortable spectator environments.
- Convention centers:
ETFE membranes suit large-span spaces like convention centers. Their excellent light transmission and weather resistance allow ample natural lighting while maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures.
2. Transportation Hubs & Public Buildings
- Airports & railway stations:
ETFE membranes are applied in roofs or curtain walls for transportation hubs. For instance, Suizhou High-Speed Railway Station (Hubei, China) adopts golden ETFE membranes inspired by local "Millennium Ginkgo Valley" to create a warm interior.
- Public buildings:
ETFE membranes enhance stations, plazas, and other public structures with distinctive aesthetics and pleasant environments.
3. Commercial & Cultural Architecture
- Shopping malls & restaurants:
ETFE membranes create unique designs and comfortable settings for commercial buildings through innovative roofing or façade applications.
- Cultural buildings:
Museums and art galleries employ ETFE membranes to achieve unique architectural forms and interior lighting effects.
4. Landscapes & Leisure Facilities
- Shade canopies & plaza covers:
With UV resistance and light transmission capabilities, ETFE membranes serve urban sunshades and plaza covers, offering recreational spaces.
- Theme parks:
ETFE membranes build whimsical structures in theme parks and playgrounds to enhance visitor experiences.
5. Innovative & Sustainable Architecture
- Inflatable structures:
ETFE membranes enable large-span coverage through air-cushion or tensioned forms, minimizing structural weight.
- Energy efficiency:
High light transmission reduces artificial lighting needs, while weather resistance and self-cleaning properties lower maintenance costs, aligning with green building standards.
This structured English version maintains the original classification while adopting technical terminology appropriate for architectural contexts. The hierarchy ensures readability while preserving critical technical details.